A volunteer on Genforum has done the research for this family, per your query there, identifying the family in the USA and from there tracing back to Christian's family in Denmark. Thought I'd let you know so you can post a reply at Genforum, thanking the volunteer. (at times it seems the notifications don't come through to one's email, I don't know why)
LINK:
http://genforum.genealogy.com/denmark/messages/18232.htmlThe family was found in Harendrup (town), Harndrup sogn, Vends herred, Odense amt, Denmark; Christian's parents were blacksmith Hendrick Jørgensen and Anne Catrine Christensdatter. So Christian is the son of this Hendrick (Hendrick's son) - and this Hendrick is the source of the family surname Henriksen.
The 1880 census in Cleveland (posted at Genforum) shows Christian's first son named Jurgen C. Hendrickson - so Jurgen/Jorgen was a family name.
The 1850 census is posted on Genforum. Here is the 1845 and 1860 Danish Census that I think apply. If the 1860 is right, Christian's mother has remarried (need to search deaths and marriages to confirm). All the children are named Henrichsen, so they must be children of Hendrick Jørgensen (not Niels Nielsen):
1845
Odense, Vends, Harndrup, D: Sognets nordlige Markbeboere, Lykkehuse, et huus, 4, FT-1845, B7147
Hendrich Jørgensen 29 Gift huusmand og smed (smed = blacksmith) born in Bogense
Anne Katrine Christensdatter 32 Gift hans kone her i sognet (born here in this parish, Harendrup]
Jørgen Hendrichsen 4 Ugift deres børn do [born in Harendrup parish]
Marie Kirstine Hendrichsen 1 Ugift deres børn do [born in Harendrup sogn/parish]
1860
Odense, Vends, Harndrup, Harndrup Skoledistrikt, Et Hus, 163, FT-1860, C2720
Niels Nielsen 36 Gift Husfader. Væver (weaver). Jordbruger Ore Sogn, Odense Amt
Anne Catrine Christensdatter 47 Gift Hans Kone (his wife, born in) Harndrup Sogn, Odense Amt
Christen Andersen Henrichsen 13 Ugift Deres Barn (unmarried, their child, born in) Harndrup Sogn, Odense Amt
Dorthe Henrichsen 9 Ugift Deres Barn Harndrup Sogn, Odense Amt
Anne Marie Henrichsen 6 Ugift Deres Barn Harndrup Sogn, Odense Amt