I saw that in November 1850, he married Sabrina Parker, so, I thought that there may be a chance he could be in a 1850 census record with his parents before he married Sabrina. I searched all counties that touched the county where he got married, eliminated other people named Robert Hodges, until I narrowed it to one person. Here is that 1850 census with Robert Hodges, his parents, and his siblings- http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1850usfedcenan....

So, his parents must have been Edmund K and Ann Hodges.