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William Campbell L'Acadie Quebec

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William Campbell L'Acadie Quebec

Posted: 13 Feb 2012 5:15PM GMT
Classification: Query
I'm seeing many public trees with the parents of William Campbell 1731-1811 L'Acadie Quebec but no documentation. To my knowlwdgw no documentation exists that links William to parents in scotland. Please prove me wrong as I would love to get my tree back to Scotland.

My research notes on William:

Death
William Campbell, aka Guillaume “L’Ecossais and/or Guillaume Cambel died in March 3, 1811 at the reported age (church death record) of 8o years. That places his birth in January through March 1731 or April through December 1730. Given the L’Ecossais appelation, one can feel confident that the country of birth was Scotland. At the time of his death, William was living in the L’Acadie, Quebec area and was a member of the Ste. Marguerite de Blairfindie parish, a Catholic church. He and his wife Josephte are buried in the cemetery of the parish. Visits to this location have proven that no markers are currently present as to the burial sites. The name “de Blairfindie” is of Scottish origin which would indicate that a large number of Scots settled in the area.

Marriage
While all the known baptismal records of the children of William and Josephte Chartier have the common designation “ born of the legitimate marriage of…” , a marriage record for the couple has never been found. If William was not catholic, a distinct possibility exists that they were never married in the church despite the baptismal wording. Marie Fraser in the article “Conquering Canada on the Plains of Germany” writes:
Some of these Fraser Highlanders turned to farming and raising a family in a strange land. It was inevitable that romances blossomed. However, these conquering heroes faced a more formidable opponent in the form of the local priest, and his bishop, who were unwilling to solemnize marriages involving a Protestant groom. In Quebec in the 1760s and 1770s, many of the Scottish soldiers and their Roman Catholic brides lived without benefit of clergy, although their children were baptized, albeit in many cases the entry by the local priest noted that the child was illegitimate. Also, there were very few Protestant clergy in the country, and the women and their families would probably have been very unhappy about marrying in a Protestant church. Those who could afford to do so, had a marriage contract drawn up by the local notary as a means of legalizing their union.
A descendant of these unrecorded unions pointed out philosophically that "none of those Fraser Highlanders were married". It is difficult for us to understand what it was like to live in a Quebec village as man and wife, without the Church’s blessing. Such couples were probably generally respected, or at least regarded with sympathy, and each time one of their children was baptized by the priest, the marriage would have become more acceptable to the community.
Professor Harry Duckworth has spent over 20 years researching the fur trade and the influence of such empires as the NorthWest Company and the Hudson’s Bay Company on the lives of these early settlers. He notes that similar difficulties were experienced in the fur trade, where many were contracted between voyageurs and fur trade clerks or partners on the one hand a country marriage snd native or Métis women on the other. These unions were established in the Upper Country, where there were no clergy at all until the 1820s. In many cases these relationships were stable, and even stood up in Canadian courts when challenged by relatives. Often a voyageur who retired back to Canada brought his country wife and children with him, and in many cases a regular marriage took place once a priest or clergyman was available. There were also men who took advantage of the non-binding nature of the union to desert their wives, but Professor Duckworth does not believe that this was ever regarded as respectable behaviour.
Paul-Henri Hudon wrote a very reasoned article about the dilemma of the parish priests, in L’Ancêtre, Bulletin de la Société de généalogique de Québec [Vol. 23-No.5, January 1997] entitled "Les familles Fraser de Rivière-du-Loup…ou la problème des mariages mixtes", giving several examples of such unions between Fraser Highlanders and their French-Canadian brides.
It should be stated that “a number of the Frasiers spoke French and were Catholic” so it is possible the marriage record is still there to be found. Some Campbell family trees have the marriage of William and Josephte around 1761 in Deschambault or in St. Pierre de Becquets. No documentation has ever been provided to back this fact up.

Military Service
Oral history as passed down in the family has William as a member of the 78th Regiment of Foot, the Frasier Highlanders. In the 1763 muster roll prepared shortly before the regiment was disbanded, there are two William Campbell’s, both privates, listed under Captain Archibald Campbell’s company. The muster roll does support the oral history in this regard. Complicating the matter slightly is the following:
In a land petition, dated at Quebec 19 & 31 May 1765, 1 Corporal and 22 Private Soldiers were listed as having served in the 78th Regiment, as follows:
The Petition of Donald McKenivan late Corporal, James Campbell, Edward Davidson, Thomas Davidson, George McAdam, Donald Clark, John Grant, Alexr Cormac, John Chisolm, Alexander McDonald, Ranald McDonald, Alexander McNab, Thomas Cameron, Thomas Cameron, John Robie, Alexander Fraser, Angus McDonald, Duncan McCraw, James Forbes, Finlay Munro, Willm McNabb, Murdoch McPherson, Willm McKenzie, late Private Soldiers in the 78th Regiment and William Campbell late Private in the 47th Regiment.
The 47th Regiment of Foot was also formed in Scotland and fought side by side with the Frasiers on the Plains of Abraham.
With two and possibly three soldiers of the same name, it may be virtually impossible to determine which William Campbell is our ancestor that settled in L’Acadie, Quebec and where in Scotland he was from. Records do indicate that 90 Frasier Highlanders settled the Frasierville/Riviere du Loup area of Quebec and 80 others in Northern New York. Riviere du Loup is a considerable distance from L’Acadie. Was there another band of Scots that obtained land grants in L’Acadie hence the church name “de Blairfindie”? A land grant for William Campbell has never been found to my knowledge.

Scottish Origins
Since even the finding of a land grant may not provide us with where in Scotland William was born, the tracing of his lineage to Scotland is problematic. The marriage record of William and Josephte, if one exists, may provide his parent’s names as was the custom in church marriage records of the time. With two and possibly 3 William Campbell’s in the regiment as of 1763, finding a recruitment or military document still would not determine if this is the William of L’Acadie.
Of some interest on this subject is the recruitment of the Frasier Highlanders. Contrary to earlier text, they were not all recruited from Simon Fraser’s Lovat estates. In fact, they were recruited across a wide range of Scotland. Recruitment was done by high ranking officers of the regiment who often recruited clansmen of the same area. From “Officers, the Old 78th regiment of Foot (Frasier’s Highlanders)” by Marie Frasier:
In fact, like Montgomerie’s Highlanders, Fraser’s Highlanders were recruited from a wide area: from Dundee around the east coast to Nairn and Elgin; down the Great Glen (Fraser), past Glengarry (MacDonell) to Lochaber (Cameron, MacDonald), over the sea to Skye (MacDonald), Tain (Ross, MacKay), Lewis (MacLeod) and Barra (MacNeil); all the way down to the west coast to Kintyre (MacAlister of Loupe) and Dunoon (Campbell).
This is of note as Major John Campbell was from Dunoon. With that rank, he would have been responsible for recruiting his companies and may have recruited the majority of Campbell’s in the regiment from the Dunoon area. This officer, however, never joined the regiment. Another Major John Campbell s/o Archibald Campbell of Auchatennie (and of Phantillans and of Ballimore) & his first wife Anne Campbell eventually led the regiment when Simon Frasier recovered from his wounds. This officer was promoted to major and may not have been involved in recruitment.
A total of 28 Campbell’s (including 1 female) are listed on the 1763 muster rolls with ten(10) in Captain Archibald Campbell’s company (including two William Campbell’s) and seven (7) in Major John Campbell’s company. Any William Campbell born in 1730/1731 in the Dunoon, Auchatennie, Phantillans, or Ballimore areas of Scotland may be our ancestor.
Soldiers’ documents are kept in the Public Record Office (PRO) at Kew, England. However, very few soldiers’ papers relating to the 18th century are still in existence, according to the Research and Information Officer, National Army Museum, London. If our ancestor was among the soldiers recruited by Major James Clephane, who hired a professional recruiter named John Strachan, these papers have been preserved and show the names of recruits, age, height, place of birth, occupation, etc. However, the repetition of names of recruits and their eventual distribution among the various companies in the regiment, will not shed much light on their ancestry (names of parents, etc.).
Per the above issues, no documentation has ever been provided that names the parents of William Campbell of L”Acadie (1730/31 – 1811). Many private and public family trees on the internet provide parents for William but these are guesses at best and do a disservice to genealogists seeking his roots.
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ralstoncampbe... 14 Feb 2012 12:15AM GMT 
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